
はじめに
これまで比較級(〜より...だ)と最上級(最も〜だ)を学びました。今回は比較の3つ目、原級を学びましょう!
「〜と同じくらい...だ」という、2つのものが同程度であることを表す表現をマスターしましょう!
原級とは?
原級とは、形容詞・副詞の元の形(変化していない形)のことです。
原級を使った比較表現は、2つのものが「同じくらい〜だ」と言いたい時に使います。
比較の3つの形(復習)
| 形 | 名前 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原級 | 原級 | 同じくらい〜 | as tall as |
| 比較級 | 比較級 | より〜だ | taller than |
| 最上級 | 最上級 | 最も〜だ | the tallest |
as...as の基本形
肯定文
A + be動詞 + as + 形容詞 + as + B
「AはBと同じくらい〜だ」という意味になります。
例
- He is as tall as his father. (彼はお父さんと同じくらい背が高い)
- This book is as interesting as that one. (この本はあの本と同じくらい面白い)
ポイント
- as と as の間に原級(元の形)を入れる
- 比較級のように -er や more はつけない!
as...as の例文
形容詞を使った例文
- He is as tall as his father. (彼はお父さんと同じくらい背が高いです)
- She's as tall as her mother now. (彼女は今、母親と同じくらい背が高いです)
- This task is as simple as the last one. (この課題は前のものと同じくらい簡単です)
- The room is as cold as outside today. (今日は部屋が外と同じくらい寒いです)
- You're as smart as your brother. (あなたはお兄さんと同じくらい賢いです)
- This meal is as good as homemade food. (この食事は手作りの料理と同じくらい美味しいです)
- The weather is as nice as yesterday. (天気は昨日と同じくらい良いです)
副詞を使った例文
A + 動詞 + as + 副詞 + as + B
「AはBと同じくらい〜に...する」という意味になります。
- She can run as fast as her brother. (彼女は兄と同じくらい速く走れます)
- She speaks English as well as a native speaker. (彼女はネイティブスピーカーと同じくらい上手に英語を話します)
- He works as hard as his colleague. (彼は同僚と同じくらい一生懸命働きます)
not as...as(否定形)⭐重要
基本形
A + be動詞 + not as + 形容詞 + as + B
「AはBほど〜ではない」という意味になります。
例
- This book is not as interesting as that one. (この本はあの本ほど面白くない)
- I am not as busy as you. (私はあなたほど忙しくない)
例文
- This book is not as interesting as that one. (この本はあの本ほど面白くありません)
- I am not as busy as you. (私はあなたほど忙しくありません)
- My room is not as big as yours. (私の部屋はあなたの部屋ほど大きくありません)
- He is not as tall as his brother. (彼は兄ほど背が高くありません)
- Today is not as hot as yesterday. (今日は昨日ほど暑くありません)
not as...as と比較級の関係
not as...as は比較級で言い換えられます!
| not as...as | 比較級で言い換え |
|---|---|
| A is not as tall as B. | B is taller than A. |
| (AはBほど背が高くない) | (BはAより背が高い) |
例
- He is not as tall as his brother. = His brother is taller than him. (彼は兄ほど背が高くない = 兄は彼より背が高い)
倍数表現
「〜の2倍...だ」「〜の3倍...だ」という表現も as...as を使います。
基本形
A + be動詞 + 倍数 + as + 形容詞 + as + B
| 倍数 | 英語 |
|---|---|
| 2倍 | twice as...as |
| 3倍 | three times as...as |
| 4倍 | four times as...as |
| 半分 | half as...as |
例文
- This bag is twice as expensive as that one. (このカバンはあのカバンの2倍の値段です)
- His house is three times as big as mine. (彼の家は私の家の3倍の大きさです)
- She reads twice as many books as I do. (彼女は私の2倍の本を読みます)
as...as possible / as...as 主語 can ⭐重要
「できるだけ〜」という表現です。
2つの形
| 表現 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| as + 形容詞/副詞 + as possible | できるだけ〜 |
| as + 形容詞/副詞 + as + 主語 + can | できるだけ〜 |
この2つは同じ意味です!
例文
- Please come as soon as possible. = Please come as soon as you can. (できるだけ早く来てください)
- He studied as hard as he could. = He studied as hard as possible. (彼はできるだけ一生懸命勉強しました)
- Run as fast as possible! = Run as fast as you can! (できるだけ速く走って!)
- Please speak as slowly as possible. = Please speak as slowly as you can. (できるだけゆっくり話してください)
時制に注意!
as...as 主語 can の形では、時制を合わせます。
| 主文の時制 | as...as の形 |
|---|---|
| 現在形 | as...as I can |
| 過去形 | as...as I could |
例
- I run as fast as I can. (現在)
- I ran as fast as I could. (過去)
比較表現の総まとめ
3つの比較表現
| 表現 | 形 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原級 | as + 原級 + as | 〜と同じくらい | He is as tall as Tom. |
| 比較級 | 比較級 + than | 〜より... | He is taller than Tom. |
| 最上級 | the + 最上級 | 最も〜 | He is the tallest in the class. |
否定形の意味
| 表現 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| as...as | 〜と同じくらい |
| not as...as | 〜ほど...ない |
重要表現まとめ
| 表現 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| as...as | 〜と同じくらい | as tall as |
| not as...as | 〜ほど...ない | not as tall as |
| twice as...as | 〜の2倍 | twice as big as |
| as...as possible | できるだけ〜 | as soon as possible |
| as...as 主語 can | できるだけ〜 | as fast as I can |
例文で練習しよう!
例文1:as...as(肯定文)
He is as tall as his father. (彼はお父さんと同じくらい背が高いです。)
→ as と as の間に原級(tall)を入れる!
例文2:not as...as(否定文)
This book is not as interesting as that one. (この本はあの本ほど面白くありません。)
→ not as...as で「〜ほど...ない」!
例文3:副詞の原級
She can run as fast as her brother. (彼女は兄と同じくらい速く走れます。)
→ 副詞も as...as で使える!
例文4:not as...as(否定文)
I am not as busy as you. (私はあなたほど忙しくありません。)
→ 「あなたより暇」という意味!
例文5:as...as possible
Please come as soon as possible. (できるだけ早く来てください。)
→ 「できるだけ〜」の定番表現!
例文6:as...as 主語 could
He studied as hard as he could. (彼はできるだけ一生懸命勉強しました。)
→ 過去形なので could を使う!
例文7:倍数表現
This bag is twice as expensive as that one. (このカバンはあのカバンの2倍の値段です。)
→ twice as...as で「2倍」!
例文8:not as...as(否定文)
My room is not as big as yours. (私の部屋はあなたの部屋ほど大きくありません。)
→ yours = your room(所有代名詞)!
例文9:副詞の原級
She speaks English as well as a native speaker. (彼女はネイティブスピーカーと同じくらい上手に英語を話します。)
→ well(上手に)の原級表現!
例文10:as...as(願望)
I want to be as kind as my mother. (私は母と同じくらい親切になりたいです。)
→ 「〜と同じくらい...になりたい」!
例文11:as...as(肯定文)
She's as tall as her mother now finally. (ついに、彼女は母親と同じくらい背が高くなりました。)
→ 成長を表す表現!
例文12:as...as(肯定文)
This meal is as good as homemade food. (この食事は手作りの料理と同じくらい美味しいです。)
→ 褒め言葉としてよく使う表現!
よくある間違い
間違い1:as...as の間に比較級を入れてしまう
❌ He is as taller as his father. ✅ He is as tall as his father.
as...as の間には原級(元の形)を入れる!
間違い2:2つ目の as を忘れる
❌ He is as tall his father. ✅ He is as tall as his father.
as...as の形を忘れずに!
間違い3:not as...as を than と混同する
❌ He is not as tall than his brother. ✅ He is not as tall as his brother.
not as...as では than ではなく as を使う!
間違い4:as...as possible の語順を間違える
❌ Please come possible as soon as. ✅ Please come as soon as possible.
as + 形容詞/副詞 + as possible の語順!
間違い5:倍数の位置を間違える
❌ This is as twice big as that. ✅ This is twice as big as that.
倍数は最初の as の前に置く!
練習問題
問題1:次の日本語を英語にしましょう。
- 彼は私と同じくらい背が高いです。
- この映画はあの映画ほど面白くありません。
- できるだけ速く走ってください。
- 彼女は母親と同じくらい美しいです。
答え
- He is as tall as me.
- This movie is not as interesting as that one.
- Please run as fast as possible. / Please run as fast as you can.
- She is as beautiful as her mother.
問題2:( )内の語を使って文を完成させましょう。
- Tom is (tall) Ken. → Tom is ( ) ( ) ( ) Ken.
- I am not (busy) you. → I am ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) you.
- Please come (soon / possible). → Please come ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).
- This is (twice / expensive) that. → This is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) that.
答え
- Tom is as tall as Ken.
- I am not as busy as you.
- Please come as soon as possible.
- This is twice as expensive as that.
問題3:次の文を言い換えましょう。
- He is not as tall as his brother. → His brother is ( ) ( ) him.
- She can run as fast as you can. → She can run as fast as ( ).
- This room is not as big as that one. → That room is ( ) ( ) this one.
答え
- His brother is taller than him.
- She can run as fast as possible.
- That room is bigger than this one.
まとめ
今回は**原級(as...as)**を学びました。
原級の基本形
A + be動詞 + as + 形容詞 + as + B (AはBと同じくらい〜だ)
否定形
A + be動詞 + not as + 形容詞 + as + B (AはBほど〜ではない)
倍数表現
- twice as...as(2倍)
- three times as...as(3倍)
できるだけ〜
- as + 形容詞/副詞 + as possible
- as + 形容詞/副詞 + as 主語 can
比較表現の3つの形
| 表現 | 意味 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 原級 | 〜と同じくらい | as tall as |
| 比較級 | 〜より... | taller than |
| 最上級 | 最も〜 | the tallest |
これで比較表現の学習は完了です!次回は受動態を学びます。「〜される」という受け身の表現をマスターしましょう。お楽しみに!
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